四级英语试卷真题第1篇人称代词概说表示我，、你、他、我们、你们、他们等的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词的用法1)人称代词主格的用法a)作主语Iama(炊事员)Wearecooks，下面是小编为大家整理的四级英语试卷真题,供大家参考。
四级英语试卷真题 第1篇
人称代词概说
表示"我"，、"你"、"他"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"等的词，叫做人称代词。
人称代词的用法
1)人称代词主格的用法
a)作主语
I am a (炊事员) We are cooks，
You are a (教师) You are
He is a (理发员) The yare
She is a (护士)The yare
It is a (大车) They are
b)作表语
It"s I .是我。
Oh，it"s 噢，是你。
[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)
[注二]口语习惯上不说it"s I (he, she等)，而说It"s me (him，her等)。
2)人称代词宾格的用法
a)作及物动词的宾语
The dog bit 那只狗咬了他。
Our teacher taught us to swim 我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。
This is my new Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子，你喜欢吗?
b)作介词的宾语
My brother often writes 我弟弟常给我写信。
They took good care of 他们无微不至地照料我们。
3)人称代词的其他用法 各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：
a)报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I (同样用our代替my)。如：
We believe that China will make still greater progress in 我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。
In our opinion this is the best film of the 我们认为这是今年最好的影片。
b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等，以表示亲切和爱抚。如：
That"s the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class ocean - 那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。
The dog waved his tail when he saw his 那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。
c)北有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)。如：
The child smiled when it saw its 小孩见到母亲就笑了。
d) they可用来代替一般的人，特别在"they say"中。如：
They say there"s going to be another good harvest this 人们说今年又是个丰收年。
四级英语试卷真题 第2篇
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a you used at Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面
Section A News Report
Directions：
In this section， you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just
A) The majority of drivers prefer to drive and park
B) Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while
C) Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving
D) Most drivers have test driven cars with automatic braking
A) Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic
B) They would be unpopular with drivers who only trust their own
C) Their increased comfort levels have boosted their
D) They are not actually as safe as automakers
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just
A) Thefts of snowmobile dogs in
B) A series of injuries to snowmobile
C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race
D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports
A) He stayed behind to look after his injured
B) He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four
C) He received a minor injury in the Iditarod
D) He has quit the competition in Alaska for
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just
A) It sank into the sea due to
B) It ran into Nicaragua"s Big Corn
C) It disappeared between two large
D) It turned over because of strong
A)
B)
C)
D)
A) He has helped with the rescue
B) He is being investigated by the
C) He was drowned with the
D) He is among those people
Section B Conversation
Directions：
In this section， you will hear two long conversations。
At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。
Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question。
You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just
A) At a shopping
B) At a community
C) At an accountancy
D) At an IT
A) Helping out with data
B) Arranging
C) Sorting application
D) Making phone
A) He enjoys using
B) He needs the money
C) He wants to work in the city
D) He has relevant working
A) Purchase some business
B) Learn some computer
C) Improve his programming
D) Review some accountancy
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just
A) They are keen on high
B) They are poor at technology
C) They often listen to National Public
D) They feel superior in science and
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A) It is undergoing a drastic
B) It lays emphasis on creative
C) It has much room for
D) It prioritizes training of practical
Section C Passage
Directions：
In this section， you will hear three passages。
At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just
A) They have small
B) They grow white
C) They taste like
D) They come from Central
A) They turned from white to purple in
B) They became popular on the world
C) They became an important food for
D) They began to look like modern-day
A) They were found quite
B) There were serious food
C) People discovered their medicinal
D) Farm machines helped lower their
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just
A) She could update her family any time she
B) She could call up her family whenever she liked
C) She could locate her friends wherever they
D) She could download as many pictures as she
A) She liked to inform her friends about her
B) She enjoyed reading her friends" status
C) She felt quite popular among
D) She felt she was a teenager
A) She could barely respond to all her 500 Facebook
B) She spent more time updating her friends than her
C) She could barely balance Facebook updates and her
D) She didn"t seem to be doing as well as her Facebook
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just
A) They have strong
B) They live a longer life than
C) They eat much less in
D) They can work longer than
A) It was a pet of a Spanish
B) It was bought by George
C) It was brought over from
D) It was donated by a
A) They met and exchanged ideas on animal
B) They participated in a mule-driving
C) They showed and traded animals in the
D) They fed mules with the best food they could
A) The wider use of
B) The arrival of
C) A shrinking animal
D) A growing donkey
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully before making your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You may not use any of the words in the bank more than
As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them During __26__ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste Muscle performance can also be affected by a __27__ called "central fatigue," in which an imbalance in the body"s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly __29__ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate （碳水化合物的）__30__ either with a moderate dose of caffeine （咖啡因），which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo （安慰剂）without, during 3 hours of After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still __32__ their visual The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, __33__ their ability to capture new visual The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was __34__ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying __35__ eye movement So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that
A) cautiously B) commit C) control D) cycling E) effectively F) increased G) involved H) limited I) phenomenon J) preventing K) sensitive L) slowing M) solution N) sufficient O) vigorous
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose a paragraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
Team spirit
A）Teams have become the basic building blocks of Recruitment advertisements routinely call for "team players". Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group Office managers knock down walls to encourage team Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12 But a new report by Deloitte, "Global Human Capital Trends"，based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on （开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on
B）Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross- disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or These teams are gaining more power to run their own They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy （等级体制）.
C）The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of Technological innovation places greater value on agility（灵活性）. John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems , a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that "we compete against market transitions（过渡）, not Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or " Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to The " millennials" （千禧一代）who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in
D）The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality （专业）and The US Army has gone the same In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army"s hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising
E）A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon （追随一种管理潮流）, it is time to ask Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, "Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor " The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, "I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary But don"t count on "
F）Hackman （who died in 20XX） noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of High-flyers （能干的人）who are forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders Group-think may be In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the If it is hard enough to define a team"s membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder
G）Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to Teams work best if their members have a strong common This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary Teamwork improves with time: America"s National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew"s first day of flying However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use "team" as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband
H）The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism（感情用事）:the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more "inclusive" is a guarantee of Jeff Bezos, Amazon"s boss, says that "If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too " They need to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain "deviant" （离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to
I）A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are "engaged" is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with
J）However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction—employees routinely complain that they can"t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the
team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt
of authority was also found to be more effective in military
many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of
of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their
is most effective when team members share the same
to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among
team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team"s
scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work
ensure employees" commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they
transitions take much less time now than in the
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following
Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has
Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury
This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the It has shrunk from billion pounds in 20XX to billion pounds in 20XX, according to a new report from market research company Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to billion pounds in
In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from 43 pounds in 20XX to 41 pounds in
Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—including facial tissue and kitchen roll—to save "Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume," said Mintel analyst Jack "These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special "
While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy—in theory at least—when it comes to paper Top of Britons" toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed by strength (45%) and thickness (36%).
One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard
The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because
Britons have cut their spending on
its prices have gone up over the
its quality has seen marked
Britons have developed the habit of
What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?
It will expand in
It will remain
It will experience ups and
It will recover as population
What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?
Special offers would promote its
Consumers are loyal to certain
Luxurious features add much to the
Consumers have a variety to choose
What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?
They are particular about the quality of toilet
They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the
They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet
They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary
What can we infer from the last paragraph?
More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the
Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its
Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product
Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following
"One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger," says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of
By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and
In her study, participants were randomly （随机地）assigned to two One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to The other cut down gradually over the course of two People in both groups used nicotine （尼古丁）patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit
Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without
And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they"d rather cut down gradually before "If you"re training for a marathon, you wouldn"t expect to turn up and just be able to run And I think people see that for smoking as They think, "Well, if I gradually reduce, it"s like practice,"" says But that wasn"t the Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings （瘾）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that "Regardless of your stated preference, if you"re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective," says Gabriela "When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that"s It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it," Ferreira
People rarely manage to quit the first time they But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of
What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?
She quit smoking with her daughter"s
She succeeded in quitting smoking
She was also a researcher of tobacco and
She studied the smoking patterns of adult
What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley"s study?
They were given physical
They were looked after by
They were encouraged by
They were offered nicotine
How does Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley"s experiment?
It is
It is
It is
It is
The idea of "a marathon" (Line 2， 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking
is something few can accomplish
needs some practice first
requires a lot of patience
is a challenge at the beginning
What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?
They find it even more
They are simply unable to make
They show fewer withdrawal
They feel much less pain in the
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into You should write your answer on Answer Sheet
长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域（river basin）居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲（delta）产出多大20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。
Part Ⅰ Writing
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Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving
drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic
on some Iditarod race
has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four
turned over because of strong
is being investigated by the
an accountancy
out with data
needs the money
some accountancy
are poor at technology
has much room for
have small
began to look like modern-day
were serious food
could update her family any time she
enjoyed reading her friends" status
didn"t seem to be doing as well as her Facebook
have strong
was brought over from
showed and traded animals in the
arrival of
Part III Reading Comprehension
26-35：OIEGM DCJNF
36-45：HDBJG AFEIC
46-55：ABCAD BDCBA
Part IV Translation
The Yangtze River is the longest in Asia and the third longest in the The river, which flows through varied ecosystems along its passage, offers habitats for many endangered species and provides irrigation for 1/5 of China"s The Yangtze River basin is home to 1/3 of China"s The river plays a very important role in China historically, culturally and The Yangtze River Delta contributes up to 20% of China"s For millennia, the Yangtze River has been used for water supply, shipment and industrial The world"s largest hydropower station is also built on the
四级英语试卷真题 第3篇
Part I Writing （30 minutes）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic You should write at least 150 words following the outline given
一次性塑料袋的使用
使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题
限制一次性塑料袋的意义
Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet
For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].
For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the
That’s enough, kids
It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the
“I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she ” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was
“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”
Getting your own children to play nice is difficult Dealing with other people’s children has become a
In my house, jumping on the sofa is not In my sister’s house it’s For her, it’s about kids being kids: “If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”
Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or
“Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash ” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of ”
In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent There are two schools of
“I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different ”
He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches,
This is why White recommends that you approach the parents Raise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she
Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want…’”
When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must If things don’t go well, then have a ”
There’re a couple of new grey Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle ”
For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their ”
He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as
Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish ”
“It’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at ”
This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the It’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?
“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too ”
White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it’ a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the ”
One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their Back at the park, Bianchi’ intervention(干预) on her son’ behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’
As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was ”
Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,” he He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular
What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?
A) make an apology
B) come over to intervene
C) discipline her own boy
D) take her own boy away
What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children?
A) it’s important not to hurt them in any way
B) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing
C) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kids
D) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble
According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably
A) discouraged
B) hurt
C) puzzled
D) overwhelmed
What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?
A) talk to them directly in a mild way
B) complain to their parents politely
C) simply leave them alone
D) punish them lightly
Due to the child-centric nature of our society,
A) parents are worried when their kids swear at them
B) people think it improper to criticize kids in public
C) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoings
D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids
In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,
A) it’s easy for people to become impatient
B) it’s difficult to create a code of conduct
C) it’s important to be friendly to everybody
D) it’s hard for people to admire each other
How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?
A) they’d question the teachers
B) they’d charge up to the school
C) they’d tell the kids to clam down
D) They’d put the blame on their kids
Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should
According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something
Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only After each question there will be a During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
A)Only true friendship can last
B)Letter writing is going out of
C)She keeps in regular touch with her
D)She has lost contact with most of her old
A) A C) A
B) A D) A
A) Look for a place near her C) Make inquiries
B) Find a new job down the D) Rent the $600
A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger
B) He has been extremely busy
C) He has gained some weight
D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane
A)The woman possesses a natural for
B) Women have a better artistic taste than
C) He isn’t good at abstract
D) He doesn’t like abstract
A) She couldn’t have left her notebook in the
B) she may have put her notebook amid the
C) she should have made careful notes while doing
D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing
A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attend
B) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem
A)He is confident he will get the
B)His chance of getting the job is
C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales
D)The interview didn’t go as well as he
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just
A)He can manage his time more
B)He can renew contact with his old
C)He can concentrate on his own
D)He can learn to do administrative
A)Reading its ads in the
B)Calling its personnel
C)Contacting its
D)Searching its
A)To cut down its production
B)To solve the problem of staff
C)To improve its administrative
D)To utilize its retired employees’
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just
A)Buy a
B)Fix a
C)See a piece of
D)Sing a business
A)It is only forty miles form where they
B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom
C)It was a large garden with fresh
D)It has a large garden with fresh
A)Growing potatoes will involve less
B)Its soil may not be very suitable for
C)It may not be big enough for raising
D)Raising potatoes will be more
A)Finances
B)Equipment
C)Labor
D)Profits
ection B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short At the end of each passage, you will hear some Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just
26 A) To introduce the chief of the city’s police force
B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest
C)To address the issue of community security
D)To explain the functions of the city council
27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management
B)He is head of the International Police Force
C)He completed his higher education abroad
D)He holds a master’s degree in criminology
28 A)To coordinate work among police departments
B)To get police officers closer to the local people
C)To help the residents in times of emergency
D)To enable the police to take prompt action
29 A)Popular
B)discouraging
C)effective
D)controversial
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just
30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate
B)there are numerous languages in existence
C)Most public languages are inherently vague
D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages
31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence
B)in improves with constant practice
C)it is something we are born with
D)it varies from person to person
32 A)how private languages are developed
B)how different languages are related
C)how people create their languages
D)how children learn to use language
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just
33 A)she was a tailor
B)she was an engineer
C)she was an educator
D)she was a public speaker
)Basing them on science-fiction
B) Including interesting examples in them
C) Adjusting them to different audiences
D) Focusing on the latest progress in space science
) Whether spacemen carry weapons
B) How spacesuits protect spacemen
C) How NASA trains its spacemen
D) What spacemen cat and drink
ection C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have
Crime is increasing world There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few
Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new (37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39) Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40) ___and auto theft are clearly rising (41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united
What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44)
These conditions are increasingly observable around the For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)
Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth） （25 minutes）
Section A
A bookless life is an incomplete Books influence the depth and breadth of They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their
Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers’ imagination to Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic
Abundant
Characters
Communicating
Completely
Derive
Desire
Diversity
Escape
Establishing
Narrow
Naturally
Personnel
Properly
Respect
Widen
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following
If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a
There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the
“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to ”
Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or For those over 45,it should be at least once a
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a
“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”
According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age
“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to
Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Ross
“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive
Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill ” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature ”
does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?
They are more likely to survive serious diseases
Their average life span has been considerably
They have lived long enough to read this
They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier
does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?
men drink and smoke much more than women
men don’t seek medical care as often as women
men aren’t as cautions as women in face of danger
men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases
Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?
it could happen to me, too
I should avoid playing golf
I should consider myself lucky
it would be a big misfortune
60 What does Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q )？
a casual attitude towards one’s health conditions
a new therapy for certain psychological problems
refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved
unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear
What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
may increase public expenses
will save money in the long run
may cause psychological strains on men
will enable men to live as long as women
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following
High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school
“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde ” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a ”
On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to
According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most ranked second and third were grocery and electronics
The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking
This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking
Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer
Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry
“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so ” said Professor Stephen “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would ”
Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答
Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?
A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy
B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around
C Few customers believe the service will be
D Customers have no easy access to store
What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, 4)?
A New customers are bound to replace old
B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other
C Most stores provide the same
D Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble
Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that
A can stay longer browsing in the store
B won’t have trouble parking their cars
C won’t have any worries about security
D can find their cars easily after shopping
What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?
A Manners of the salespeople
B Hiring of efficient employees
C Huge supply of goods for sale
D Design of the store
To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to
A exert pressure on stores to improve their service
B settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way
C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly
D shop around and make comparisons between stores
Part V Cloze （15 minutes）
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D] on the right side of the You should choose the ONE that best fits into the Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for This is especially true__67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation Children in low-income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports fields and
Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy They were originally developed__76__some educators and developmental experts__77__that the behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding and everyday This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would
This belief that the social__81__influenced a person’s overall development was very__82__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th It caused them to think about__84__they might control the experiences of children to__85__responsible and productive They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of
among within on towards
spread speed spur sponsor
access entrance chance route
70 little less more much
shrink tighten limit lack
bill B accounts fees fare
so as and but
maintain sustain contain entertain
last first later finally
before while until when
realized recalled expected exhibited
specifically excessively strongly exactly
moved conducted put led
precise precious particular peculiar
engagement environment state status
encouraging disappointing upsetting surprising
for with over at
what how whatever however
multiply manufacture produce provide
growing breeding raising flying
Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in
researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems______________(他们至今还没有答案)
(大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their
’d better take a sweater with you_____________________________________________ (以防天气变冷)
the project, many people have received training and__________________________ (决定自己创业)
anti-virus agent was not known___________________________________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)
四级英语试卷真题 第4篇
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of reading ability and how to develop You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just
A) The return of a bottled message to its owner"s
B) A New Hampshire man"s joke with friends on his
C) A father"s message for his
D) The history of a century-old
A) She wanted to show gratitude for his
B) She wanted to honor her father"s
C) She had been asked by her father to do
D) She was excited to see her father"s
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just
A) People were concerned about the number of
B) Several cases of Zika disease had been
C) Two million bees were infected with
D) Zika virus had destroyed some bee
A) It apologized to its
B) It was forced to kill its
C) It lost a huge stock of
D) It lost million
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just
A) It stayed in the air for about two
B) It took off and landed on a football
C) It proved to be of high commercial
D) It made a series of sharp turns in the
A) Engineering
B) The air pollution it
C) Inadequate
D) The opposition from the
A) It uses the latest aviation
B) It flies faster than a commercial
C) It is a safer means of
D) It is more environmentally
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long At the end of each conversation, you will hear four Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just
A) It seems a depressing
B) It sounds quite
C) It has little impact on our daily
D) It is getting more serious these
A) The man doesn"t understand
B) The woman doesn"t really like
C) They don"t want something too
D) They can"t make it to the theatre in
A) It would be more fun without Whitehead
B) It has too many acts to hold the audience"s
C) It is the most amusing show he has ever
D) It is a show inappropriate for a night of
A) Watch a
B) Go and see the
C) Book the tickets
D) See a film with the
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just
A) Most of her schoolmates are younger than she
B) She simply has no idea what school to transfer
C) There are too many activities for her to cope
D) She worries she won"t fit in as a transfer
A) Seek advice from senior
B) Pick up some meaningful
C) Participate in after-school
D) Look into what the school
A) Give her help whenever she needs
B) Accept her as a transfer
C) Find her accommodation on
D) Introduce her to her
A) She has interests similar to Lee"
B) She has become friends with
C) She has chosen the major Catherine
D) She has just transferred to the
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just
A) To investigate how being overweight impacts on
B) To find out which physical drive is the most
C) To discover what most mice like to
D) To determine what feelings mice
A) When they are
B) When they are
C) When they smell
D) When they want
A) They search for food in
B) They are overweight when food is
C) They prefer to be with other
D) They enjoy the company of other
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just
A) Its construction started before World War
B) Its construction cost more than $ 40
C) It is efficiently used for
D) It is one of the best in the
A) To improve transportation in the
B) To move troops quickly from place to
C) To enable people to travel at a higher
D) To speed up the transportation of
A) In the
B) In the
C) In the
D) In the
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just
A) Chatting while
B) Messaging while
C) Driving under
D) Speeding on
A) A gadget to hold a phone on the steering
B) A gadget to charge the phone in a
C) A device to control the speed of a
D) A device to ensure people drive with both
A) The car keeps flashing its
B) The car slows down gradually to a
C) They are alerted with a light and a
D) They get a warning on their smart
A) Installing a
B) Using a connected
C) Checking their
D) Keeping a daily
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully before making your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You may not use any of the words in the bank more than
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company When the tower was first 26 in 1962, it was covered with thin square These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was 27 . During this renovation the building"s owners, CIS, 28 the solar panel company, They agreed to cover the entire building in solar In 20XX, the completed CIS tower became Europe"s largest 29 of vertical solar A vertical solar project on such a large 30 has never been repeated
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the "10 best green energy projects". For a long time after this renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was 31 overtaken by the Millbank
Green buildings like this aren"t 32 cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy 33 through fossil As solar panels get 34 , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn"t a race of 35 , but rather one to collect the most solar
A) cheaper B) cleaner C) collection D) competed E) constructed F) consulted G) dimension H) discovered I) eventually J) height K) necessarily L) production M) range N) scale O) undertaken
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to Each statement contains information given in one of the Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose a paragraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
A) Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, take quizzes, and turn in As universities go digital, students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that"s replacing—and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit
B) The codes—which typically range in price from $ 80 to $ 155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the
C) But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos (观念) of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to
D) "When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (垄断), a new way to lock students around this system," said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed "Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you"re paying $ 120," said "But because it"s all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt "
E) Sarina Harpet, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 20XX—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their But the code to access the program cost $ 120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $ 450 for textbooks, and had rent day
F) She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $ 150- $ 200, to pay for the She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a "It"s a balancing act," she "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn"t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing
G) The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they"re the McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in The company said that 45% of its $ 140 million revenue in 20XX "was derived from digital "
H) A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that "digital materials are less expensive and a good investment" that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company McGraw Hill didn"t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that "in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now "
I) The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for "These digital products aren"t just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features," David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed "It helps students understand in a way that you can"t do with print homework "
J) David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access But he doesn"t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own "The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I"m giving up The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students "
K) A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $ 500-$ 600 on access codes for In one case, the professor didn"t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in This year she said she spent $ 900 on access codes to books and "That"s two months of rent," she "You can"t sell any of it With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $ 30 - $ 50 and that helps to pay for your new semester"s With an access code, you"re out of that "
L) Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that "it"s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our " Many of the access codes he"s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or "Often it"s only 10% of your grade in " he "You"re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn"t have it, it would affect your grades It would be bad to start out at a B or " Wolverton said he spent $ 500 on access codes for digital books and programs this
M) Harper, a poultry (家禽) science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $ 20 But her access codes for homework, which can"t be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $ 120 and $
N) She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high "We don"t really have a missed assignment policy," she "If you miss it, you just miss I just got zeros on a couple of first I managed to pull everything back But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it"s not "
A student"s yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two
The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital
If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their
McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college
Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they believe will be the future of the publishing
One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high
Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books according to a
One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time
Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise for their
Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
Passage One
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following
Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty We know the risk of dementia (痴呆症) increases with But if you have memory slips, you probably needn"t There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory
After age 50, it"s quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women"s Hospital in
The brain ages just like the rest of the Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels
Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry But if you forget the plot of the movie or don"t remember even seeing it, that"s far more concerning, Daffner
When you forget entire experiences, he says, that"s "a red flag that something more serious may be " Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you"ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going
But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn"t There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like
You don"t have to figure this out on your Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain"s cognitive (认知的) reserve, Daffner
"Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways," he In other words, keep your brain busy and And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain
Why does the author say that one needn"t be concerned about memory slips?
A) Not all of them are symptoms of
B) They occur only among certain groups of
C) Not all of them are related to one"s
D) They are quite common among
What happens as we become aged according to the passage?
A) Our interaction skills
B) Some parts of our brain stop
C) Communication within our brain
D) Our whole brain starts
Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?
A) Totally forgetting how to do one"s daily
B) Inability to recall details of one"s life
C) Failure to remember the names of movies or
D) Occasionally confusing the addresses of one"s
What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?
A) Check the brain"s cognitive
B) Stop medications affecting
C) Turn to a professional for
D) Exercise to improve their
What is Daffner"s advice for combating memory loss?
A) Having regular physical and mental
B) Taking medicine that helps boost one"s
C) Engaging in known memory repair
D) Staying active both physically and
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following
A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution Archives (档案馆) by the FBI after being stolen
"We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing," says Effie Kapsalis, head of the Smithsonian Insitution "It was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern (实习生), from what the FBI is telling Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the letter for research purposes," and the intern put the letter "The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching "
Decades Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very close to Washington, Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had The FBI worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian"s
The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National
The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff for so "It was luckily in good shape," says Kapsalis, "and we just have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold It has some glue on it that has colored it slightly, but nothing that will prevent us from using After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available One of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public "
It would now be difficult for an intern, visitor or a thief to steal a document like "Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s," says Kapsalis, "and we keep our high value documents in a safe that I don"t even have access "
What happened to Darwin"s letter in the 1970s?
A) It was recovered by the
B) It was stolen more than
C) It was put in the archives for research
D) It was purchased by the Smithsonian
What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter?
A) They proved its
B) They kept it in a special
C) They arrested the suspect
D) They pressed criminal charges in
What is Darwin"s letter about?
A) The evolution of Yellowstone National
B) His cooperation with an American
C) Some geological evidence supporting his
D) His acknowledgement of help from a
What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis?
A) Reserve it for research purposes
B) Turn it into an object of high
C) Keep it a permanent
D) Make it available
What has the past half century witnessed according to Kapsalis?
A) Growing interest in rare art
B) Radical changes in archiving
C) Recovery of various missing
D) Increases in the value of museum
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese You should write your answer on Answer Sheet
过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。如今，随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有很多城市也在筹建机场。航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有廉价机票。近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人数在不断增加。
第 5 页：四级答案
20XX年6月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)
Part Ⅰ Writing
The Importance of Reading Ability and How to Develop It
As the most frequently used way to get access to the original material, reading has always been considered one of the most important parts of language This explains why reading skills should be highly
Then how to improve our reading skills? First of all, scan the material before we Whatever the purpose of our reading is, take a few minutes to look the piece over to check and see how the work is structured and Secondly, try not to reach for the dictionary when we come to a word we don"t Instead, try to guess the meaning of the word based on the Last but not least, write a few sentences to summarize what we"ve read since it is a way of checking that we understand what we"re
Above all, reading has important benefits and can help us learn the language faster and more completely, which encourages each language learner to develop their reading skills as
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
A) The return of a bottled message to its owner"s
B) She wanted to honor her father"s
B) Several cases of Zika disease had been
C) It lost a huge stock of
A) It stayed in the air for about two
C) Inadequate
D) It is more environmentally
A) It seems a depressing
D) They can"t make it to the theatre in
C) It is the most amusing show he has ever
B) Go and see the
D) She worries she won"t fit in as a transfer
C) Participate in after-school
A) Give her help whenever she needs
D) She has just transferred to the
B) To find out which physical drive is the most
A) When they are
C) They prefer to be with other
D) It is one of the best in the
B) To move troops quickly from place to
A) In the
B) Messaging while
D) A device to ensure people drive with both
C) They are alerted with a light and a
B) Using a connected
Part III Reading Comprehension
26-35: EOFCN IKLAJ
36-45: KDMGB LHFJC
46-55: ACACD BADDB
Part IV Translation
In the past, traveling by plane was unimaginable for most Chinese Today, with the development of China"s economy and the improvement of people"s living standards, more and more Chinese people, including many farmers and migrant workers, can travel by They can fly to all major cities, and many other cities are also planning to build Air services continue to improve, and there are often cheap In recent years, the number of people choosing to travel by air during holidays has been
四级英语试卷真题 第5篇
Part I Writing
Hello Tom,
I"m pretty excited to hear that you are going to pursue a postgraduate degree ineconomics in If you are still uncertain about which college to apply to, why notgo to Renmin University of China (RUC)?
I recommend it mainly because of its academic Today, it is widelyrecognized for its strengths in the fields of humanities and social
The School of Economics often invites distinguished scholars at home and abroad toacademic forums or You will definitely gain new insights into various economicissues by attending them as a Another striking feature of this university is itsvibrant campus life, as evidenced by activities such as Fun Sports Games, schoolorienteering competitions and the annual International Culture You will findthem all highly Moreover, RUC is conveniently situated close to bus stops andsubway stations, so you can spend your spare time exploring the city of
Of course, it"s totally up to Let me know if you make a final Anyway, welcome to
Yours,
Zhang Lei
Part III Reading Comprehension
26-35：OADCG HKNEF
36-45：FIDGB EHAJC
46-55：BCDBA DABAC
Part IV Translation
The full name of a Han Chinese consists of a family name and a given Adistinctive feature of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by the given For thousands of years, Chinese family names have beenpassed down through the Nowadays, however, it is not uncommon for a child toadopt the mother"s family Generally, a given name is made up of one or twocharacters, usually carrying the parents" wishes for their It can be inferred fromthe name what kind of person the parents want their child to be, or what kind of life theyexpect him or her to Chinese parents attach great importance to the choice of theirchild"s name, as the name tends to accompany the child for his or her entire